Accidents and emergencies are a normal part of life, yet most people still don’t know how to respond to them. According to research by the Red Cross, 59% of deaths from injuries could have been prevented if first aid had been administered.
Another survey by St John Ambulance found that a quarter of people with First Aid training have saved a life. First aid training is more important in a country like Nigeria, as our emergency medical service is still in its infancy.
This article aims to demonstrate basic first aid techniques and to spur you on to further gain the skills necessary to help others in need, irrespective of your medical training.
Basic First Aid Techniques
1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR is a vital skill that can make the difference between life and death during cardiac emergencies. WHO research reveals that cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 11% of all Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) deaths.
Performing CPR promptly can significantly increase the chances of survival until professional help arrives. Here’s how to perform CPR:
- Check Responsiveness: Gently tap the person and ask if they are okay.
- Call for Help: Dial emergency services or ask someone nearby to do so.
- Safety: see that your environment is safe and you are not in danger.
- Airway: ensure the person’s airway is not blocked or occluded by looking into their mouth wide open.
- Begin Chest Compressions: Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, place the other hand on top, and press down hard and fast at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
- Provide Rescue Breaths: If trained, give two breaths after every 30 compressions, ensuring the chest rises with each breath.
2. Treating Severe Bleeding
Severe bleeding can lead to shock and death if not addressed promptly. The Nigerian Red Cross Society reports numerous cases of trauma and injuries, particularly from road accidents. To control severe bleeding:
- Apply Pressure: Use a clean cloth or bandage to press firmly on the wound.
- Elevate the Limb: If the wound is on a limb, raise it above heart level to reduce blood flow.
- Use a Tourniquet: As a last resort, apply a tourniquet above the wound to restrict blood flow, but ensure medical help is on the way, as improper use can cause further damage.
3. Managing Burns
Burns are common injuries that can occur at home or work. For minor burns:
- Cool the Burn: Run cool (not cold) water over the burn for at least 10 minutes.
- Protect the Burn: Cover with a clean, non-stick bandage or cloth.
- Avoid Ice and Ointments: Do not apply ice, butter, or ointments, as they can worsen the injury.
For severe burns, seek professional medical attention immediately. If you live in the Chevron Lekki area, contact our team.
4. Handling Choking
Choking can quickly become life-threatening. The Heimlich manoeuvre is an effective way to dislodge an obstruction from a person’s airway:
- Stand Behind the Person: Wrap your arms around their waist.
- Make a Fist: Place the thumb side of your fist just above the navel.
- Perform Abdominal Thrusts: Grasp your fist with the other hand and press into the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust. Repeat until the object is expelled or the person becomes unconscious.
For infants, use back blows and chest thrusts instead.
5. Dealing with Shock
Shock is a critical condition often resulting from severe injuries or trauma. Symptoms include pale, clammy skin, rapid pulse, and shallow breathing. To manage shock:
- Lay the Person Down: Keep them flat on their back.
- Elevate the Legs: Raise their legs about 12 inches to improve blood flow to vital organs.
- Keep Them Warm and Calm: Use a blanket or clothing to maintain body heat and reassure them until help arrives.
Conclusion
First aid is an essential skill that everyone should possess. Whether it’s performing CPR, controlling bleeding, managing burns, handling choking, or dealing with shock, these basic techniques can make a significant difference in emergencies. With proper first aid knowledge, you can provide immediate care, prevent complications, and even save the lives of your loved ones.
Taking the initiative to learn first aid is a responsibility we all share. Enroll in a first aid course today and empower yourself to be a lifesaver.
